ES

TENSORS

This web page is intended to be a compilation of the books written by Javier de Montoliu Siscar, Doctor of Industrial Engineering, published in PDF, referring to vector spaces, tensor algebra, tensor calculus and applications of the tensor algebra in mathematics and engineering.

For any comments on any of the books, please contact us by email: jmontoliu@mautar.com

List of books:

  • Vector spaces
  • In this essay, an attempt is made to summarize the main general properties of vector spaces, as well as the relationships that can be established between them when they are structured on the same field.

    Specifically, linear and multilinear applications are discussed, both in their general expression and in the form of products between vectors.

    Among the products, we will consider especially the tensor product that defines the tensors and those scalar products that define the dual spaces. For this purpose and for greater ease, we will not dispense with the consideration of complex conjugate vector spaces.

    The most important vector spaces are succinctly outlined, and we will be particularly interested in those of n dimensions with finite n, although some characteristics of infinite n are mentioned.

    Finally, the set of affine tensors to a Euclidean or properly Euclidean space of finite dimension n is studied, for which an algebra structure is established whose application to properly Euclidean spaces is the object of development in another work.

    The purpose of this essay is not only to present in an elementary way the general properties of vector spaces, but also to facilitate the understanding of the algebra established in the last chapter, which we consider of interest, since it not only allows us to represent tensorially any linear or multilinear operator, but also to find the result of its application on a given tensor or vector by means of a simple algebraic operation, with an intrinsic character.

  • Tensor Algebra and Analysis
  • The aim of this essay is to facilitate calculations in Linear Algebra, especially those referring to the different subjects of physical and geometric sciences in their relationship with a specific affine space, always properly Euclidean, based on considering three-dimensionality as a particular case of n-dimensionality with n finite.

    Its possible applications to relativistic and quantum physics are not developed for the moment.

    This Algebra and Tensor Calculus is especially useful because it does not only operate with tensor magnitudes as such (which include vectors and scalars), but also allows linear or multilinear operators to be considered as such in the calculus, thus facilitating the formulation of the images they determine.

    Tensorically expressible operators include derivatives, directional or partial derivatives, as well as integral quantities.

    The symbolism chosen for the tensors is intrinsic, and the use and description of their characteristic components and of the adopted vector bases has been limited to the cases in which it has been necessary or convenient for a definition or a demonstration.

    As for the expression of its characteristic components in figures, this is done exceptionally as an example or particular case.

    The algebra used is defined in the second chapter of the text, and in the rest of the text, the algebra is applied to a detailed partial study of various tensors and their relationships.

    In the first part, special attention is devoted to second order tensors and their relation to square matrices.

    In the second part we emphasize the applications of algebra to the tensor expression of differentiable or integrable quantities as well as spatial and differential derivatives and the intrinsic expression of the Stokes and Ostrogradski formulas.

  • Linear varieties
  • In this essay we will study in an elementary way the use of curvilinear coordinate systems, and in particular their application to Riemannian spaces. For this we will follow in general lines the order of the text of "Elements of Tensor Algebra" by Lichnerowicz.

    Our object is not to go deeper into these topics nor to make demonstrations, but only to try to see if the intrinsic method of algebra and tensor analysis that we have applied in previous writings can be useful for the study of a Riemannian space.

    The study is divided into two parts.

    In the first part, a Euclidean space is considered in general (even if it is not properly Euclidean), through the adoption of a curvilinear coordinate system. This first part is an introduction to the second part, which is devoted to Riemannian spaces.

  • Quadrics
  • This essay aims to develop the knowledge of quadrics and their properties using preferably a method of algebra and tensor analysis based on intrinsic properties of tensor quantities that has been exposed and developed by the author in his Algebra and Tensor Analysis.

    We can consider the present study as a continuation of the author's previous essay on linear varieties.

    Although no single element used by the method is unknown per se, as a whole it appears to be unknown, and although the intrinsic procedures are appreciated today, in practice they do not crystallize as generally accepted methods.

    The calculation method used here is presented in a specific practical application, the study of quadrics, and we submit it to the consideration of the reader so that he can judge for himself about its effectiveness and possible general interest.

  • Curvilinear Coordinates Riemannian Spaces
  • In this essay we will study in an elementary way the use of curvilinear coordinate systems, and especially their application to Riemannian spaces. For this we will follow in general lines the order of the text of "Elements of Tensor Algebra" by Lichnerowicz, although nowadays it has been superseded.

    Our object is not to go deeper into these topics nor to make demonstrations, but only to try to see if the intrinsic method of algebra and tensor analysis that we have applied in previous writings can be useful for the study of a Riemannian space.

    The study is divided into two parts.

    In the first part, a Euclidean space is considered in general (even if it is not properly Euclidean), through the adoption of a curvilinear coordinate system. This first part is an introduction to the second part, which is devoted to Riemannian spaces.

  • Elasticity
  • The purpose of this essay was to verify the usefulness of the tensor calculus method developed by the author in "Algebra and Tensor Calculus" in ordinary calculus and specifically in the study of elastic mechanics.

    This method is a natural extension of ordinary scalar algebra, which intrinsically considers vectors and tensors of any order and simplifies most of the usual operations.

    With its application to the theory of elasticity, which naturally leads to the conclusions we all know, we believe it has proved its usefulness.

    Regardless of this, this work has highlighted some circumstances that have an impact on the subject and that are often omitted. We mainly point out the following:

    a) The velocity of the material points is a point vector quantity, but this is not always the case with its components relative rotational velocity and relative deformation velocity. Consequently, the same is true for the displacements.

    b) The deformation tensor, which is normally used for small deformations and is defined with the displacements, is now considered the differential of a point magnitude tensor and is defined by the velocity field.

    c) A displacement vector is considered as point magnitude, as well as another point magnitude vector that we call original position vector.

    d) The two forms of material waves are not exactly proper to the movement of material points. One of the forms, the condensation waves, lies in the relative expansion coefficient, and the other form, the distortion waves, in the rotational velocity, and they act independently of each other.

  • Electrostatics and direct current

    This text is essentially a transcription of electrostatics and direct currents by Dr. Jose Maria Codina Vidal, professor emeritus of electrical engineering at the faculty of physical sciences of Barcelona.

    The purpose of this paper is to express these themes of the book, adapting them to the language I have used in my work on algebra and tensor calculus.

    Independently of the transcription, some topics that do not appear in the original book are also developed.